Condition of Type 2 diabetes is an impairment in how your body manages its blood sugar levels and utilizes sugar (glucose) to fuel. The long-term (chronic) disease results in excessive sugar levels throughout the bloodstream. In the end elevated blood sugar levels could result in disorders of the nervous, circulatory as well as immune system. COVID-19 Diabetes Wellness Type 2 diabetes.
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In type 2 diabetes there are two main interconnected issues at play. The pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin, which is a hormone that regulates the transport of sugar into cells. The cells react poorly to insulin and absorb less sugar.
Type 2 diabetes was once commonly referred to as adult-onset type diabetes, however, both type 1, as well as type 2 diabetes, may begin in the early years of adulthood and continue into later in adulthood. Typ 2 is more common among older people, however, the increasing number of obese children has led to a rise in instances that are type 2 diabetes among younger individuals.
There is no cure for type 2 diabetes, however dropping weight, eating healthy, and exercising are great ways to combat the condition. If your diet and exercise regimen aren’t enough to control your blood sugar levels, you may need insulin therapy or diabetes medication.
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Signs and symptoms
The signs and symptoms associated with type 2 diabetes usually take time to develop. In reality, you may be suffering from Type 2 Diabetes for many years and not even realize it. If signs and symptoms are evident, they could include:
- A rise in thirst
- Frequent urination
- Food insecurity is increasing
- Unintentional weight loss
- Fatigue
- Vision blurred
- Slow-healing sores
- Infections that are frequent
- Tingling or numbness in the feet or hands
- Skin areas that are darkened, generally in the armpits or neck
When should you see a doctor?
Visit your physician if observe any symptoms or signs related to type 2 diabetes.
The Causes of Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is caused by two interconnected issues:
- Cells in muscles, fat, and the liver develop resistance to insulin. Since these cells aren’t interacting normally in the presence of insulin, they are unable to absorb enough sugar.
- The pancreas cannot make enough insulin to control the blood sugar level.
It isn’t known, but the fact that you are overweight or inactive is a major contributor.
How does insulin work?
Insulin is a hormonal substance that originates from the gland located beneath and behind the stomach (pancreas). Insulin regulates the way that the body processes sugar by regulating the ways it uses:
- The bloodstream is awash with sugar and causes the pancreas to release insulin.
- Insulin circulates through the bloodstream, allowing sugar to reach the cells.
- Your blood sugar level decreases.
- In reaction to this decrease, the pancreas is able to release less insulin.
It is the role played by glucose
Glucose, sugar is the primary source of energy for muscles’ cells and various tissues. The regulation and use of glucose are as follows:
- Glucose is derived from two main sources that are foods and the liver.
- The glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream and is absorbed into cells with the aid of insulin.
- The liver stores and produces glucose.
- If your blood sugar level is at a low point, for instance, if you’ve not eaten for a while, the liver is able to break down glycogen stored into glucose, which helps maintain your blood sugar levels within the normal level.
In the case of type 2 diabetes, this process fails. Instead of entering the cells of your body sugar is stored in the bloodstream. As blood sugar levels rise insulin-producing beta cells inside the pancreas secrete more insulin. The cells eventually become damaged and are unable to produce enough insulin to satisfy the body’s needs.
In the less well-known type 1 diabetes the immune system mistakenly destroys beta cells which leaves the body with very little or no insulin.
Risk factors
Factors that could raise your chances of developing type 2 diabetes are:
Weight- Being obese or overweight is the most significant risk.
Fat distribution- Storing fat predominantly in your abdomen, not your hips, and your thighs — indicates an increased risk. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes is higher if you’re a man who has an upper waist circumference of 40 inches (101.6 centimeters) or a woman who has an upper limit of 35 inches (88.9 centimeters).
Inactivity- Less active and active the higher the risk. Physical exercise helps you manage your weight, utilizes glucose as energy, and makes your cells more vulnerable to insulin.
Family background- The risk of having type 2 diabetes increases when your sibling or parent suffers from type 2 diabetes.
Ethnicity and race- It’s not known what causes it, specific ethnicities and races which include Black, Hispanic, Native American, and Asian people as well as Pacific Islanders — are more likely to get Type 2 Diabetes than whites are.
Blood levels of lipids- Increased risk is linked by low amounts of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol — also known as the “good” cholesterol and elevated amounts of triglycerides.
Age- The risk of developing type 2 diabetes rises when you get older, particularly after age 45.
Prediabetes- It’s a disease where the blood sugar level of your patient is more than normal, but not enough to qualify as diabetes. If untreated, it often leads to type 2 diabetes.
Pregnancy-related risks. Your chance to develop type 2 diabetes rises when you develop gestational diabetes while pregnant or had a baby with a weight of over nine grams (4 kg).
Polycystic ovary syndrome- Being diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome condition that is commonly characterized by irregular menstrual cycles as well as excessive hair growth and obesity is linked to a higher risk of developing diabetes
Skin areas that are darkened, generally in the armpits or neck- This is often a sign of insulin resistance.
Complications of Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes impacts several major organs, such as the blood vessels, heart eye, nerves, eyes, and kidneys. Additionally, the factors which increase the risk of developing diabetes can be risk factors for other serious chronic illnesses. The management of diabetes and the control of your blood sugar levels can reduce the risk of developing these conditions or co-existing disorders (comorbidities).
Possible complications of diabetes, as well as frequent complications, are:
Heart and blood vessel diseases- Diabetes is linked to a greater risk of stroke, heart disease as well as high blood pressure, and the narrowing of blood vessels (atherosclerosis).
Nerve damage (neuropathy) in limbs- The accumulation of blood sugar over time may cause damage to or destruction of nerves that cause tingling, burning, numbness, or loss of sensation which typically begins around the tips of fingers or toes and then expands upward.
Another nerve injury- Damage to the nerves of the heart may cause irregular heartbeats. The digestive system can result in issues with nausea, vomiting constipation, or diarrhea. For men, nerve damage may cause erectile dysfunction.
Kidney disease- Diabetes can lead to chronic kidney disease or irreversible end-stage kidney disease. This could require dialysis or a kidney transplant.
Eye damage- Diabetes increases the likelihood of developing serious eye conditions like cataracts and Glaucoma. It can also cause damage to the blood vessels of the retina, leading to blindness.
Skin issues- Diabetes can make you more prone to skin issues, such as fungal and bacterial skin infections.
Slow healing can take a long time- If left untreated cuts and blisters could be serious infections that could not heal properly. A severe injury could necessitate foot, toe, or leg removal.
Hearing impairment- Hearing problems are more frequent for those with diabetes.
Sleep Apnea- Obstructive sleep apnea is a common occurrence in those suffering from type two diabetes. Obesity could be the primary cause of both diseases. It’s unclear if the treatment of sleep apnea will improve glucose control.
Dementia- Type 2 diabetes appears to be linked to an increase in the likelihood of having Alzheimer’s disease, as well as other diseases which cause dementia. Insufficient control of blood sugar levels is connected to a more rapid decline in memory as well as other thinking abilities.
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Prevention of Type 2 diabetes
Healthy lifestyle changes can help to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes which is the case even if you’ve got biological relatives with diabetes. If you’ve been diagnosed with prediabetes or prediabetes-related disease, changes in your lifestyle can slow or even slow the progression of diabetes.
A healthy lifestyle means:
Consuming healthy food- Select foods that are lower in calories and fat, and also higher in fiber. Choose fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Being active- Try to get 150 minutes or more per week of vigorous to moderate aerobic activities, such as bicycling, walking, or running.
Losing weight- A small quantity of fat and maintaining it off will help slow down the development of prediabetes into Type 2 Diabetes. If you have prediabetes losing between 7% and 10 percent of your weight will lower the risk of developing the disease.
Avoiding long periods of inactivity- Inactivity for long periods can increase the chance of developing diabetes type 2. Make sure to get up each 30 min and get moving for at most a few minutes.
For those with prediabetes metformin (Fortamet or Glumetza and others) is an oral medication for diabetes, that can be prescribed to lower the risk of developing it. It is generally prescribed to those who are older and overweight and are unable to reduce blood sugar levels through lifestyle adjustments.